在英語學(xué)習(xí)論壇上看到網(wǎng)友的一個帖子，介紹他自己翻譯的蘇軾《江城子·乙卯正月二十日夜記夢》。中國古代詩歌的英譯，是一件高難度的工作，翻譯者必須具備古代漢語、英語、詩歌、音韻等多方面造詣。據(jù)觀察，在國內(nèi)幾個主要英語學(xué)習(xí)論壇上，能達(dá)到這種水平的人，也很少很少，所以首先向這位網(wǎng)友表達(dá)欽佩之情。
但是另一方面，這位網(wǎng)友的譯文有兩個明顯缺點(diǎn)，這種缺點(diǎn)即使是英語水平不高的人，也可以很容易地看出來，這就是：第一，英語譯文過分拘泥于漢語原文，原文中的每個漢字，幾乎都有對應(yīng)的英語單詞，因而英語譯文顯得比較冗長；第二，英語譯文中的某些單詞，過于正式，不適合在詩歌中使用，比如ignorant、recognize、presume等，因而文字風(fēng)格顯得有些不協(xié)調(diào)。因此，在這里推薦美國著名漢學(xué)家Burton Watson翻譯的這首古詞，比較一下，他的譯文比較簡練，風(fēng)格也比較統(tǒng)一。
漢語原文：
十年生死兩茫茫，不思量，自難忘。千里孤墳，無處話凄涼。縱使相逢應(yīng)不識，塵滿面，鬢如霜。
夜來幽夢忽還鄉(xiāng)，小軒窗，正梳妝。相顧無言，唯有淚千行。料得年年腸斷處，明月夜，短松岡。
網(wǎng)友的譯文：
For ten years the living and the dead are both ignorant of each other.
Even though I refrain from thinking of you,
However I cannot forget you.
Your lonely tomb lies a thousand miles away,
Where can I pour my sorrows anyway?
Even if we meet again, you can hardly recognize me by the way,
For my face is fully covered with dust,
And my temples have as frost turned grey.
Last night I suddenly dreamed of returing to my native land.
I saw you sitting by the tiny window,
Dressing and making up with your white hand.
We looked at each other, unable to speak a word,
Only a thousand lines of tears rolled down our faces.
I presume you will lie in that heartbreaking place year after year,
In that small round covered with pines mere,
Under the moon bright and clear.
美國著名漢學(xué)家Burton Watson的譯文：
Ten years, dead and living dim and draw apart.
I don't try to remember,
But forgetting is hard.
Lonely grave a thousand miles off,
Cold thoughts, where can I talk them out?
Even if we met, you wouldn't know me,
Dust on my face,
Hair like frost.
In a dream last night suddenly I was home.
By the window of the little room,
You were combing your hair and making up.
You turned and looked, not speaking,
Only lines of tears coursing down.
Year after year will it break my heart?
The moonlit grave,
The stubby pines. |
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