新聞報道的結構一般分為四個部分：（一）標題、（二）導語、（三）主體、（四）結語。標題是新聞的題目，是編輯對最有新聞價值內(nèi)容的濃縮、概括、提煉和再創(chuàng)造。撰寫標題是為了擷取新聞要點、詮釋新聞意義、吸引讀者閱讀。在今天繁忙的現(xiàn)代社會中，報紙的讀者大多是標題瀏覽者。導語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。主體是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事實表現(xiàn)主題，是對導語內(nèi)容的進一步開展和闡釋。新聞報道的結語一般是最后一句話或者一段話，通常對全文內(nèi)容作概括性的總結，或?qū)π侣勈录陌l(fā)展趨勢作出預測。有時，作者根據(jù)報道的事實在結語中提出令人深思的問題。
一般來說，標題、導語和主體是構成新聞報道的必不可少的三部分。可根據(jù)新聞報道的內(nèi)容而確定是否要結語或其它內(nèi)容（如事件和歷史背景等），有時，還可將它們暗含在主體中。
在寫新聞報道時，首先要注意新聞的標題具有語言幽默風趣的特點，有較強的吸引力。同時，寫作依據(jù)的材料要充分，要用事實來說話，語言力求簡潔。最后，報道中要有亮點，能引人深思或能讓人產(chǎn)生強烈的興趣。
請閱讀下面一則關于劉翔獲得奧運金牌的體育報道,并試著找出這則新聞報道的標題、 導語和主體：
Liu Xiang：Dark Horse in the Athens Olympics
Liu Xiang , born on July 13, 1983 in Shanghai, China, is a Chinese hurdling athlete.
In 2002, Liu launched his career in fine style by winning the first IAAF (國際業(yè)余田徑聯(lián)合會) Grand Prix in Lausanne with a world youth and Asian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles.
He has since made the finals at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics and IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. Two of the three cases has seen American hurdling great Allen Johnson take the major prize, but in the last in May at Osaka, Liu managed to beat Johnson with an Asian-record time of 13.06 seconds.
Still young, Liu has improved steadily, and won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 110 meters hurdles event. In the final, he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Colin Jackson of Wales. This is the first time an athlete of non-African descent (后裔) has dipped under 13 seconds for the 110 meter hurdles. |
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